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Estimate annual proposed case for carbon emissions After assessing the low-carbon transportation option, project teams must determine the anticipated number of regular building occupants who will commute using SOVs, based on a realistic assessment of travel patterns to and from the site. The team should consider work-athome arrangements too, as this can reduce VMTs directly related to the building. This analysis must also account for various commuting methods, such as walking, cycling, public transit, or carpooling, and estimate the remaining number of individuals who are likely to rely on SOVs. For example, if 50 employees are expected to regularly walk to and from work, these individuals would produce zero vehicle emissions for the year.

Equation 3. Calculating the annual proposed case for carbon emissions

𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 c𝑎𝑠𝑒 r𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 b𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 o𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 ×

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 n𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 w𝑜𝑟𝑘 d𝑎𝑦𝑠 w𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑎 y𝑒𝑎𝑟 × 𝐷𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑉𝑀𝑇) × 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

Estimate the total reduction of carbon emissions Project teams are required to calculate the difference in emissions to get the total estimated reduction of carbon emissions between the annual baseline and proposed case.

AND

Option 1. Parking

TDM strategies, like reducing parking spaces and implementing parking fees, address broader land use and cost challenges tied to parking. TDM conserves valuable land and reduces infrastructure and maintenance expenses by decreasing the need for large parking facilities and promoting more sustainable transportation options that align with project efficiency and environmental goals.

Limiting parking availability also helps curb induced demand, as fewer parking spaces discourage single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) trips and encourage alternative transportation modes. Another effective approach is unbundling parking, which separates the cost of parking from building rentals or leases. For example, a mixed-use office building leases commercial spaces to businesses. Instead of including parking spaces as part of the standard lease package, the building owner offers parking spaces as a separate, optional service.

PATH 1. REDUCE PARKING

Limiting parking availability also helps curb induced demand, as fewer parking spaces discourage SOV trips and encourage alternative transportation modes. This path uses a parking baseline against which reductions in parking supply can be compared. The baseline should be calculated using industry standards on parking demand, such as the Institute of Transportation

U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, April 2025 Launch Edition 90