855773644-LEED-v5-BD-C-Reference-Guide-Launch-Edition - Page 375
Extracted Content
The path requires the most incremental functionality for projects with large HVAC or refrigeration capacity, or major renovations, or small new buildings. For all other project applications, this path only requires three additional functions for the EIS system.
FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS (FDD) FOR PROJECTS WITH LARGE HVAC OR REFRIGERATION CAPACITY FDD Software is only required for projects with large HVAC or refrigeration capacity, where any of the following apply:
o Total project installed capacity of cooling exceeds 7,200 kBtu/h (600 tons or 2110
kW)
o Total project installed capacity of heating exceeds 7,200 kBtu/h (2110 kW)
o Total project installed capacity of refrigeration exceeds 7,200 kBtu/h (600 tons or
2110 kW)
FDD is a program procedure for identifying and isolating system operational flaws. FDD uses data-driven or knowledge-driven techniques. Data-driven techniques include artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Knowledge-driven techniques include having an FDD specialist use qualitative methods to analyze fault scenarios. [95] Refer to the credit language for minimum required FDD software functionality.
Include fault detection algorithms that address at least 60% of total air handling unit capacity. Additionally, include fault detection algorithms that address at least 60% of total combined capacity for large commercial refrigeration systems, large hydronic heating systems, and large hydronic cooling systems where large systems are defined as a system with total installed capacity exceeding 7,200 kBtu/h (600 tons or 2110 kW).
Faults assessed may include improper economizer or energy recovery operation, faulty sensor readings, improper valve and damper operation, improper equipment schedules, Improper operation of control system reset algorithms (e.g., setpoint always at maximum value), non-optimal zone temperature setpoints (e.g., lower than recommended deadband; same values for occupied and unoccupied setpoints), equipment short cycling, improper chiller and boiler plant lockouts, and unstable/hunting control loop.
ADDITIONAL MONITORING FOR MAJOR RENOVATIONS AND SMALL BUILDINGS For major renovations and small buildings less than 25,000 sq. ft. (2,323 sq. m.) provide additional hourly electricity metering for the whole project, for each tenant ≥ 10,000 sq. ft. (929 sq. m.), for specific end-uses (HVAC, interior lighting, exterior lighting,
95 Mirnaghi, M., and Haghighat, F. (2020), “Fault detection and diagnosis of large-scale HVAC systems in buildings using datadriven methods: A comprehensive review”, Energy and Buildings , 229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110492.
U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, April 2025 Launch Edition 365