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to enhance a sense of community. [165] Effective biophilic design considers cultural, geographical, and ecological contexts. Refer to the IPp2: Human Impact Assessment findings for relevant contextualization.
Strategies must contribute to an integrated experience and should not exist in an individual or fragmented manner. As such, there is no minimum threshold for the number of required biophilic design strategies. Instead, projects must demonstrate compliance with each of the five principles adapted from The Practice of Biophilic Design by Kellert and Calabrese [166] :
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Biophilic design requires repeated and sustained engagement with nature . Projects must incorporate nature, or natural patterns or systems, throughout multiple facets of the building.
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Biophilic design focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have advanced people’s health, fitness, and wellbeing . Complying with this principle requires creating spaces that support fundamental needs of both human and natural communities, including access to daylight and fresh air, connections to nature through views and materials, opportunities for movement and sensory engagement, spaces for both social interaction and quiet refuge, and integration with local ecosystems and natural patterns.
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Biophilic design encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and places . Projects must understand, embrace, and celebrate the specific ecology, culture, climate, and/or region of a project so that it is culturally and ecologically responsive and unique.
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Biophilic design promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage an expanded sense of relationship and responsibility for the human and natural communities . Complying with this principle requires design that elicits a positive emotional response, increasing the likelihood of ongoing enjoyment, belonging, and, ultimately, stewardship, of fellow occupants and of the building.
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Biophilic design encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and integrated architectural solutions . Projects must apply an ecosystem approach to the design process, where the solution is greater than the sum of its parts, and nature and natural systems or processes are holistically integrated directly and indirectly throughout the project.
165 Heath, O., Jackson, V., and Goode, E. Creating Positive Spaces by Designing for Community, Interface, Wellbeing, (2019), https://www.interface.com/content/dam/interfaceinc/interface/publications/brochures-collateral/emea/design-guides/communitydesign-guide/DesignGuide_community_emea_EN.pdf. 166 Kellert, S. and Calabrese, E. The Practice of Biophilic Design, (2015), https://www.biophilic-design.com.
U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, April 2025 Launch Edition 491