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Any biophilic design framework may be used to demonstrate compliance. Other widely respected frameworks include the 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design by Terrapin Bright Green [167] and the Biophilic Design Framework [168] developed by Judith Heerwagen and Gordon H. Orians.

Table 3. Frameworks and strategies for biophilic design

FrameworksStrategy categorySpecific strategy
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceVisual connection with nature
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceNon-visual connection with nature
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceNon-rhythmic sensory stimuli
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceThermal and airflow variability
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spacePresence of water
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceDynamic and diffuse light
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature in the spaceConnection with natural systems
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Natural analoguesBiomorphic forms and patterns
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Natural analoguesMaterial connection with nature
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Natural analoguesComplexity and order
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature of the spaceProspect
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature of the spaceRefuge
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature of the spaceMystery
14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design

(Terrapin Bright
Green)		Nature of the spaceRisk/Peril
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureLight
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureAir
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureWater
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of naturePlants
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureAnimals
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureWeather
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureNatural landscapes and ecosystems
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Direct experience of natureFire
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureImages of nature
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureNatural materials
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureNatural colors
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureSimulating natural light and air
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureNaturalistic shapes and forms
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureEvoking nature
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureInformation richness
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureAge, change, and the patina of time
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureNatural geometries
The Practice of
Biophilic Design

(Kellert &
Calebrese)		Indirect experience of natureBiomimicry

167 “14 Patterns of Biophilic Designs”, Terrapin Bright Green, (n.d.) https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/ 168 Heerwagen, J. and Orians, G.H. Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life, (USGBC and John Wiley & Sons: 2011), https://www.usgbc.org/resources/biophilic-design-theory-science-and-practice-bringing-buildings-life

U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, April 2025 Launch Edition 492

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