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environmental factors such as the availability of natural daylight, the quality and orientation of views, the presence of operable windows for fresh air circulation, as well as the quality of indoor air and water.

Consider how external elements — such as the surrounding soundscapes, the quality of artificial and natural lighting, and the impact of wind patterns on the project and adjacent structures — affect the indoor environment and the overall experience of those inhabiting the space. This assessment encourages the operations and maintenance team to promote a positive and health-conscious environment for occupants and staff.

• Working conditions : Evaluate the working conditions for low-wage workers onsite. This includes those working on the exterior of the building, such as window washers, landscapers, and parking attendants, who may be exposed to unfavorable weather for example. It also includes cleaners, security guards, mail room attendees, food service, and other service workers.

Project teams must address wages and benefits, such as how wages compare to local, regional, or national averages, and whether these wages are suitable for the cost of living in the area. Additionally, it includes analyzing training and worker protections, such as understanding compliance with OSHA standards, as well as the right to organize if staff recognize unsafe or unjust conditions. Consider production rates, allowing for an understanding of whether progress is reasonably and realistically made within a particular timeframe.

• Other : Project teams may include any additional relevant social factors that are evaluated as part of the Human Impact Assessment.

Integration into operations and maintenance strategies Project teams are recommended to use the findings from the Human Impact Assessment to inform the operations and maintenance of the project. Things to consider include how the identified social factors informed project-specific decisions, such as changes to design features, operational practices, or community engagement strategies. Implementing strategies such as these promote inclusivity, fair labor practices, and equitable access to opportunities, while supporting the community’s economic and social well-being. This integration is a tool to drive meaningful change within the project as well as the surrounding community, creating a more resilient and sustainable outcome.

U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Operations and Maintenance, April 2025 Launch Edition 31