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Extracted Content

• Biophilic design requires repeated and sustained engagement with nature. Projects must incorporate nature or natural patterns or systems, throughout multiple facets of the building.

  • Biophilic design focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have advanced people’s health, fitness, and well-being . Complying with this principle requires creating spaces that support fundamental needs of both human and natural communities, including access to daylight and fresh air, connections to nature through views and materials, opportunities for movement and sensory engagement, spaces for both social interaction and quiet refuge, and integration with local ecosystems and natural patterns.

  • Biophilic design encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and places . Projects must understand, embrace, and celebrate the specific ecology, culture, climate, and/or region of a project so that it is culturally and ecologically responsive and unique.

  • Biophilic design promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage an expanded sense of relationship and responsibility for the human and natural communities . Complying with this principle requires design that elicits a positive emotional response, increasing the likelihood of ongoing enjoyment, belonging, and, ultimately, stewardship, of fellow occupants and of the building.

  • Biophilic design encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and integrated architectural solutions . Projects must apply an ecosystem approach to the design process, where the solution is greater than the sum of its parts, and nature and natural systems or processes are holistically integrated directly and indirectly throughout the project.

Any biophilic design framework may be used to demonstrate compliance. Other widely respected frameworks include the 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design by Terrapin Bright Green [126] and the Biophilic Design Framework developed by Judith Heerwagen and Gordon H. Orians.

Table 3. Frameworks and strategies for biophilic design

Frameworks	Strategy Category	Specific Strategy
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Visual connection with nature
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Non-visual connection with nature
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Thermal and airflow variability
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Presence of water
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Dynamic and diffuse light
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (Terrapin Bright Green)	Nature in the space	Connection with natural systems

126 14 Patterns of Biophilic Designs, Terrapin Bright Green, https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns/

U.S. Green Building Council LEED v5 Reference Guide for Interior Design and Construction, April 2025 Launch Edition 319